{"id":16175,"date":"2025-04-01T13:34:56","date_gmt":"2025-04-01T12:34:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/?p=16175"},"modified":"2026-03-04T23:44:03","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T22:44:03","slug":"leva-e-riserva-operativa-litalia-e-leuropa-corrono-ai-ripari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/en\/leverage-and-operational-reserve-italy-and-europe-are-running-for-cover\/","title":{"rendered":"Leverage and operational reserve: Italy and Europe take corrective action"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>With the balance of European security being tested by the war in Ukraine, the loss of global influence of the United States and the geopolitical rise of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) bloc, more and more countries are considering a return to the <strong>compulsory conscription<\/strong>in some cases even extending it to women.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The President of Latvia <strong>Edgars Rinkevics<\/strong>in an interview with the <em>Financial Times<\/em>, reiterated the need to seriously discuss the return to compulsory military service and the restoration of Cold War-era spending levels. A line that reflects the fear of an unprepared Europe in a new and consolidating world disorder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Confirming the alarm, the record figure of the <strong>global military expenditure<\/strong>in 2022 reached <strong>USD 2,240 billion<\/strong>highest level since 1949, with an increase of <strong>3,7%<\/strong> compared to the previous year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dopo-il-disarmo-del-dopoguerra-un-nuovo-bisogno-di-massa-critica\">After post-war disarmament, a new need for critical mass<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the end of the Cold War, many European states have drastically reduced their armed forces. Countries such as <strong>France, Germany and Italy<\/strong> have suspended compulsory conscription, reducing the workforce even by <strong>38%<\/strong>. Only a few nations - including <strong>Finland, Greece, Norway and Switzerland<\/strong> - retained active military service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, however, the scenario has radically changed. \"The point is not necessarily to fight the Russians, but to demonstrate a sufficient presence to <strong>dissuade<\/strong> any aggression,' he stated<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bruegel.org\/analysis\/defending-europe-without-us-first-estimates-what-needed\" rel=\"noopener\"> Alexandr Burilkov<\/a>, a researcher at Leuphana University in L\u00fcneburg. According to Burilkov, the collective strengthening of European military capabilities is not a luxury, but a necessity 'affordable if done together, especially when considering the consequences of not being prepared'.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Screenshot-2025-04-01-111250-1.png.webp 655w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Screenshot-2025-04-01-111250-1-300x209.png.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 655px) 100vw, 655px\" type=\"image\/webp\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"655\" height=\"457\" src=\"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Screenshot-2025-04-01-111250-1.png\" alt=\"Leverage and reserves: Italy and Europe run for cover - brigadefolgore.net\" class=\"wp-image-16181 webpexpress-processed\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" title=\"Screenshot 2025 04 01 111250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Screenshot-2025-04-01-111250-1.png 655w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Screenshot-2025-04-01-111250-1-300x209.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 655px) 100vw, 655px\"><\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">                              <strong>Military Personnel of some European Nations from 2014 to 2022<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-le-pressioni-dal-fronte-interno-servono-piu-uomini\">Pressure from the home front: 'We need more men'<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The cry of alarm does not only come from analysts. They are the same <strong>Italian Armed Forces<\/strong>now under increasing pressure, to urgently call for a <strong>staff reinforcement<\/strong>.<br>The latest was the<strong>Admiral Enrico Credentino<\/strong>, Chief of Naval Staff, who in an interview with <em>The Republic<\/em> stated:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\"The Navy's resources are sufficient... but for a limited period. This effort can last three to four years, no longer.\"<br>He then called for an increase in staff from <strong>30,000 to 39,000<\/strong>claiming to have the support of the Minister of Defence <strong>Guido Crosetto<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Also the <strong>Chief of Army Staff, <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/en\/the-vision-of-the-army-chief-of-staff\/\">Carmine Masiello<\/a>stressed in a parliamentary hearing the need to increase staffing to <strong>between 133,000 and 138,000<\/strong>far beyond the current target of <strong>93,100 by 2033<\/strong>pointing out that the numbers provided for in the regulations in force are <strong>inadequate<\/strong> to address high-intensity conflicts and fuel NATO missions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Minister <strong>Crosetto<\/strong>also relaunched the idea of a <strong>Operational Reserve<\/strong> able to cope with prolonged conflicts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\"It is necessary to be able to defend the state at all times, from every threat and for as long as necessary.\"<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Even the former Chief of Defence Staff, Admiral <strong>Giuseppe Cavo Dragone<\/strong>, now chairman of the NATO Military Committee, stated emphatically:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\"We are absolutely undersized. Even with 170,000 men we would be <strong>on the edge of survival<\/strong>.\"<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/leva-EI-1024x484.png.webp 1024w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/leva-EI-300x142.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/leva-EI-768x363.png.webp 768w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/leva-EI.png.webp 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" type=\"image\/webp\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"484\" src=\"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/leva-EI-1024x484.png\" alt=\"Leverage and reserves: Italy and Europe run for cover - brigadefolgore.net\" class=\"wp-image-16183 webpexpress-processed\" title=\"Lever ei\" srcset=\"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/leva-EI-1024x484.png 1024w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/leva-EI-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/leva-EI-768x363.png 768w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/leva-EI.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/picture><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-la-conscrizione-torna-sul-tavolo-in-europa\">Conscription back on the table in Europe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the reassurances of <strong>Vladimir Putin<\/strong> - who in March called the idea of an invasion of Europe 'utter nonsense' - several European countries are running for cover.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In <strong>Germany<\/strong>the Minister of Defence <strong>Boris Pistorius<\/strong> called for a plan by April 2024 to return to the <strong>Wehrpflicht<\/strong>compulsory conscription, which was abolished in 2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In <strong>Denmark<\/strong>where conscription is already in force, from 2026 it will also be extended to women and will last <strong>11 months<\/strong> for both sexes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In <strong>Czech Republic<\/strong>the reintroduction of military service or alternative forms of recruitment is discussed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La <strong>France<\/strong> focuses instead on reservists: the goal is to achieve <strong>100,000 reservists<\/strong> by 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Countries where conscription is already active complete the picture: <strong>Switzerland, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Lithuania, Latvia, Austria, Cyprus and Greece<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/8994bf20-2fff-488a-bd7c-d8c0f1df9301-1024x693.jpg.webp 1024w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/8994bf20-2fff-488a-bd7c-d8c0f1df9301-300x203.jpg.webp 300w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/8994bf20-2fff-488a-bd7c-d8c0f1df9301-768x520.jpg.webp 768w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/8994bf20-2fff-488a-bd7c-d8c0f1df9301.jpg.webp 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" type=\"image\/webp\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"693\" src=\"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/8994bf20-2fff-488a-bd7c-d8c0f1df9301-1024x693.jpg\" alt=\"Leverage and reserves: Italy and Europe run for cover - brigadefolgore.net\" class=\"wp-image-16184 webpexpress-processed\" title=\"8994bf20 2fff 488a bd7c d8c0f1df9301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/8994bf20-2fff-488a-bd7c-d8c0f1df9301-1024x693.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/8994bf20-2fff-488a-bd7c-d8c0f1df9301-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/8994bf20-2fff-488a-bd7c-d8c0f1df9301-768x520.jpg 768w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/8994bf20-2fff-488a-bd7c-d8c0f1df9301.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>EU Defence Ministers<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-l-ostacolo-culturale-pochi-disposti-a-combattere\">The cultural obstacle: few willing to fight<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the most critical issues is public acceptance. According to a survey <strong>Gallup<\/strong>only the <strong>32% of EU citizens<\/strong> would be willing to fight in the event of war. In Italy, the percentage drops to <strong>14%<\/strong>while it is of <strong>23% in Germany<\/strong> and the <strong>29% in Spain<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As the researcher points out <strong>Linda Slapakova<\/strong> of RAND Europe, the return to leverage cannot be separated from a <strong>massive investment in infrastructure<\/strong>selection and training systems, and a reflection on the role of the armed forces in modern society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/4e579f4f-3bb2-421b-ab45-89af86323ee9.png.webp 1024w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/4e579f4f-3bb2-421b-ab45-89af86323ee9-300x300.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/4e579f4f-3bb2-421b-ab45-89af86323ee9-150x150.png.webp 150w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/4e579f4f-3bb2-421b-ab45-89af86323ee9-768x768.png.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" type=\"image\/webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/4e579f4f-3bb2-421b-ab45-89af86323ee9.png\" alt=\"Leverage and operational reserve: Italy and Europe run for cover - brigadefolgore.net\" class=\"wp-image-16190 webpexpress-processed\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" title=\"Military service 620116.large 768x576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/4e579f4f-3bb2-421b-ab45-89af86323ee9.png 1024w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/4e579f4f-3bb2-421b-ab45-89af86323ee9-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/4e579f4f-3bb2-421b-ab45-89af86323ee9-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/brigatafolgore.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/4e579f4f-3bb2-421b-ab45-89af86323ee9-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/picture><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-in-conclusione\">In conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>With an increasingly aggressive Russia, NATO demanding more from Europe, and America perhaps less involved, the future of European defence may also lie in a return to the <strong>compulsory conscription<\/strong>together with a <strong>overall strengthening of the military model<\/strong>.<br>It's not just about numbers: it's about <strong>resilience, regeneration capacity and adaptation<\/strong>and a defence culture involving citizens, institutions and companies.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"    margin-top: 24px;    padding: 12px 16px;    border-left: 3px solid #6B1D3A;    background-color: #f9f5f6;    border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;\">\n    <p style=\"        margin: 0;        font-size: 13px;        color: #6b6b6b;        line-height: 1.5;    \">\n        <strong style=\"color: #4A1228;\">Source:<\/strong>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bruegel.org\/analysis\/defending-europe-without-us-first-estimates-what-needed\"\n           style=\"color: #6B1D3A; text-decoration: underline;\"\n           target=\"_blank\"\n           rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.bruegel.org\/analysis\/defending-europe-without-us-first-estimates-what-needed<\/a>\n    <\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Portaerei USA e Francia: perch\u00e9 restano uno strumento strategico decisivo (lezioni dalla crisi in Medio Oriente 2026)<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16178,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[625,80,174,88],"sgg_keywords":[],"class_list":["post-16175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nazionali","tag-coscrizione","tag-difesa","tag-europa","tag-leva"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16175"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16175\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16178"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16175"},{"taxonomy":"sgg_keywords","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brigatafolgore.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sgg_keywords?post=16175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}